痤疮粉刺-这是什么以及如何有效治疗？

粉刺痤疮是粉刺的一种常见类型。当您患有粉刺时，您的皮肤会感到凹凸不平。这些肉色的肿块发展成粉刺或粉刺。

这些通常是发炎的，并可能引起疼痛。但是，有自然疗法可以减少和治疗粉刺痤疮。继续阅读以了解有关粉刺痤疮的更多信息，以及如何用药物和家庭疗法对其进行治疗。

什么是粉刺痤疮？

粉刺痤疮是一种粉刺，看起来像粉刺（粉红色的小肿块状丘疹，多发于下巴和额头）。它们是被油脂，污垢和死皮细胞堵塞的毛孔或毛囊。黑头和白头是粉刺痤疮最常见的类型。当灰尘和油塞暴露在空气中时，它们会氧化并变黑，从而导致黑头。当这些塞子深入毛孔并变白时，会出现白头。

在以下部分中，我们将研究粉刺痤疮的成因和危险因素。

痤疮粉刺：成因和危险因素

当皮脂管被污垢，碎片和皮脂阻塞时，会导致粉刺痤疮。尽管任何人都可以在任何时间点得到粉刺痤疮，但某些因素会增加风险：

• 食用乳制品（例如酸奶，牛奶和奶酪）可能会引起痤疮（1）。
• 高血糖指数/高血糖负荷的饮食可能加剧痤疮（2）。食用糖和脂肪含量高的食物（例如烘焙食品，垃圾食品和充气饮料）可能会引起突围。
• 一些人认为水合过度也会引起粉刺。由于潮湿或过度使用保湿剂，您的皮肤可能会变得过分水合。
• 吸烟也可能引起粉刺和粉刺（3）。
• 使用过多的化妆品，油性护肤产品和发油可能会引起痤疮。
• 遗传因素也可能是粉刺痤疮的原因。如果它在您的家庭中运行，则很可能会得到它。
• 挤压现有的粉刺，并过度使用磨蚀性皮肤产品（例如磨砂膏和化学果皮），可能还会加重病情并引起粉刺痤疮。

除了黑头粉刺（开放粉刺）和白头粉刺（封闭粉刺），还有其他几种类型的粉刺。

痤疮粉刺的类型

1.微粉刺

这些是最小的粉刺。它们是肉眼看不见的。它们是每个黑头，粉刺或粉刺发炎的第一步。

2. Macrocomedones

这些既可以是开放的也可以是封闭的粉刺，但它们更大。

3.巨型粉刺

巨型粉刺是大黑头，直径范围在几毫米到2厘米之间。老年人通常会得到这种类型的粉刺。

4.太阳粉刺

这些也被称为老年粉刺，由过度的日晒引起。这些可以是开放式或封闭式粉刺，大小也可以。这些在老年人中很常见。

一旦我们知道了粉刺的样子，就很容易识别它们。

如何识别粉刺痤疮

以下是识别粉刺的一些技巧：

• 它们看起来像肉质的小肿块。患处感觉不平和颠簸。
• 黑头的尖端会显示为深褐色或黑色。您通常会在鼻子上看到它们。
• 白头粉刺在您的皮肤上看起来像白色的或肉色的小点。

如何治疗粉刺痤疮

1.局部治疗

局部治疗很容易作为非处方药获得。但是，您需要知道适合您状况的正确比例的成分。在尝试任何局部治疗之前，请咨询医生。这些以凝胶，乳霜和洗面奶的形式提供。用于治疗粉刺痤疮的最常见成分是：

• 过氧化苯甲酰（4）
• 壬二酸（5）
• 水杨酸（6）
• 硫磺（7）
• 维甲酸（或维甲酸）（8）

需要由医生开具更强的类维生素A。这是因为在皮肤上使用错误比例的类维生素A可能会加剧痤疮。

2.口服药物

外用药物对痤疮的初始治疗有好处。但是，根据您的需要，医生可能还会开给您口服药物，例如：

• 抗生素类
• 避孕药或避孕药（FDA仅批准三种避孕药治疗痤疮，因此请确保在没有医生处方的情况下不要服用）（9）
• Accutane或Isotretinoin（主要用于严重痤疮）（9）
• 螺内酯（主要用于治疗高血压；但是这种药物低剂量使用，可能会阻止荷尔蒙痤疮，因为它会阻塞雄激素）（9）

3.手术程序

如果局部和口服药物均无法达到预期效果，您可以选择外科手术。其中一些过程包括：

• Electrosurgery: This is used for treating severe comedonal acne. In this procedure, electricity is used to destroy the tissue by dehydration, coagulation, or vaporization. There are two types of electrosurgery – high-frequency electrosurgery and electrocautery.
• Cryotherapy: In this procedure, the affected area is frozen for 20 seconds using liquid nitrogen or solid carbon dioxide. This eventually destroys the tissues in that area.
• Microdermabrasion: In this process, a device with a crystal head is rubbed on your skin to remove the top layer of your skin. This helps remove the comedones. Microdermabrasion is often used for treating acne scars.

4. Home Remedies

You may also take care of comedones at home by trying a few home remedies using simple and effective ingredients:

1. Tea Tree Oil

Five percent topical tea tree oil was found to be effective in treating mild to moderate acne (10).

You Will Need

• 2-3 drops of tea tree oil
• 1 teaspoon of any carrier oil (you may use jojoba, olive, sweet almond oils)

Method

1. Mix the oils.
2. Massage the mixture on the affected area.
3. Leave it on for at least 20-30 minutes.
4. Wash off.

How Often

2 times every day.

2. Witch Hazel

Witch hazel is commonly used for relieving inflammation and skin irritation(11). Though there is a lack of direct evidence, anecdotal evidence suggests that it has an astringent effect and can help minimize acne.

You Will Need

• A tablespoon of witch hazel
• Cotton pad

Method

1. Wash your face and pat it dry.
2. Saturate the cotton pad with witch hazel.
3. Apply it as a toner to your skin.
4. Let it dry.
5. Follow it up with a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

How Often

Once every day (do not overuse as it may dry your skin out).

3. Charcoal And Clay Mask

Activated charcoal is works as an absorbent (12). It can eliminate dirt and sebum from your skin. The clay (especially bentonite clay) can soothe the skin and heal skin lesions (13).

You Will Need

• ½ teaspoon of activated charcoal powder
• 2 tablespoons of bentonite clay
• Water for mixing (you may use rosewater)

Method

1. Mix the charcoal powder and the clay.
2. Add water or rosewater as per the desired consistency and mix well.
3. Spread the mixture on the affected area.
4. Let it dry.
5. Wash off with warm water.
6. Follow up with a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

How Often

Not more than 2 times a week.

4. Apple Cider Vinegar

Though there is no direct evidence, anecdotal evidence suggests that the vinegar may work well as a toner. It also may act as an astringent and minimize skin pores, thus helping relieve acne. However, never use ACV without diluting it.

You Will Need

• ½ teaspoon of apple cider vinegar
• 2 tablespoons of distilled water (to dilute the ACV)
• Cotton pad

Method

1. Wash your face and pat it dry.
2. Mix the ACV and distilled water.
3. Saturate the cotton pad with the mixture and apply it to your face as a toner.
4. Let it dry and then apply a non-comedogenic moisturizer.

In addition to these treatment options, modifying your lifestyle also helps. In the following section, we have discussed the measures you can take to prevent comedonal acne.

Ways To Prevent Comedonal Acne

1. Wash Your Face Twice A Day

Use a mild cleanser or a cleanser containing salicylic acid to wash your face two times a day.

2. Use Non-comedogenic Products

Whether it is makeup or skincare, ensure you use non-comedogenic products. This way, your skin pores won’t get clogged, and you can prevent comedonal acne.

3. Remove Makeup Before Going To Bed

Removing makeup before hitting the bed allows your skin to breathe and heal itself while you sleep.

4. Keep Your Skin Accessories Clean

Clean your makeup applicators, brushes, and beauty blenders thoroughly after every use. Dirty accessories may accumulate germs and cause acne.

5. Follow A Healthy Diet

Reduce the intake of fried or processed foods, baked goodies, and sugary drinks. If possible, try to limit your milk intake. Instead, consume a lot of fresh produce and lean protein.

Following a daily skincare routine and a healthy lifestyle can help keep your skin clear to an extent. However, you may face breakouts from time to time, and you need to treat them properly. The methods outlined in this article can help. In case you have severe acne, it always is better to consult a doctor.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Does Accutane help treat comedonal acne?

Yes, it works for severe acne. Accutane is a form of vitamin A that reduces the amount of oil released by the skin’s oil glands. However, you shouldn’t take it without consulting your doctor.

Do closed comedones heal?

They can heal with proper treatment. However, if left untreated, they may turn into a serious issue.

Is comedonal acne hormonal?

Comedonal acne is mainly caused during the pre-teen years and is regulated by hormones. However, one may even experience them at a later point of their lives. Apart from hormonal changes, another major cause of this type of acne is poor skin hygiene. Certain products (shampoos, makeup, hair pomades) may also lead to comedonal acne as these contain chemicals and oils that may block the pores.

13 sources

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