目录:
- 什么是牛至？
- 牛至有哪些不同类型？
- 牛至如何有益于您的健康？
- 1.缓解疼痛和炎症
- 2.治疗微生物感染
- 3.清除头皮屑和头皮问题
- 4.有效的抗氧化剂
- 5. May Treat Skin Diseases
- 6. Treats Flu And Viral Diseases
- Did You Know?
- Phytonutritional Profile Of Oregano
- How To Use Oregano in Cooking
- Sizzling Barbeque Chicken – Italian style
- What You Need
- Let’s Make It!
- How To Pick And Store The Best Oregano
- How To Dry Fresh Oregano Leaves
- How Much Oregano Is Safe To Eat? Are There Any Side Effects Of Eating Oregano?
- In Summary
- 21个来源
这不仅仅是一个很棒的比萨调料。牛至是药用草药兼香料。
希腊人使用其叶提取物缓解疼痛，月经，消化不良和微生物感染。这就是为什么通常将其添加到地中海食物中的原因（1）。
现代研究表明，牛至叶中存在多酚（1）。在正确的剂量下，这些多酚可为您提供无头皮屑的头发和无疤的皮肤！这是牛至及其益处，烹饪和储存技巧以及副作用的独家读物。
开始滚动！
什么是牛至？
快门
严格来说，牛至比草药更具有风味。大约60种具有相似风味和颜色的植物通常被标记为“牛至”（1）。
这味道主要来源于几个品种 的牛至 和 马鞭草 植物。该 牛至属 种是原产于部分欧洲，亚洲和地中海国家。该 过江藤 物种中可以找到墨西哥（2）。
中欧传统医学使用牛至来治疗咳嗽，哮喘，腹泻，胃痛和月经炎。据说希腊人在疮和酸痛的肌肉上使用牛至霜（1），（3）。
因此，牛至被广泛用于当今的地中海美食中。这些植物中的生物活性成分使它们具有抗氧化，抗炎和抗菌性能。这些草药在几种食品中用作天然调味剂和防腐剂。
根据其来源和生化成分，牛至被分为几个以不同名称出售的品种。
牛至有哪些不同类型？
牛至的两个主要品种是欧洲和希腊。
欧洲牛至（也称为野生马郁兰或冬季马郁兰）是从 牛至属植物制成的 。希腊牛至（也称为甜马郁兰或锅马郁兰）是从 牛至属植物Heracleoticum （2）衍生而来的。
另一个受欢迎的品种是墨西哥牛至。它来自利比里亚荔枝，通常被称为墨西哥鼠尾草，墨西哥墨角兰或墨西哥野生鼠尾草（2）。
欧洲牛至主要产于希腊，意大利，西班牙，土耳其和美国。墨西哥牛至（显然是！）原产于墨西哥。
所有的牛至品种都富含精油。这些油含有生物活性成分，赋予香料风味和药用性能。
因此，已知欧洲和希腊牛至变种具有消化，刺激和消毒特性。
在接下来的部分中，您将发现牛至如何有益于健康，并提供科学依据。继续向下滑！
牛至如何有益于您的健康？
牛至具有丰富的类黄酮和酚酸，是一种有效的抗氧化剂和消炎剂。它可以缓解月经不适，肌肉疼痛和呼吸系统疾病。
1.缓解疼痛和炎症
一氧化氮，前列腺素和自由基是人体产生的常见促炎因子。新鲜和干燥的牛至提取物已被证明可控制此类化合物的生产（4）。
牛至中的咖啡酸，绿原酸，槲皮素，木犀草素及其衍生物在减轻疼痛和炎症中起积极作用。香芹酚是其精油的主要成分，可以治愈伤口，伤口，胃溃疡和癌症（4），（5）。
因此，牛至可以帮助减轻炎症性疾病，如类风湿性关节炎，月经来潮，肌肉疼痛，牙痛和昆虫叮咬。您还可以制作基于牛至的局部配方，例如乳霜，乳液或稀释油，以供外部使用（6）。
2.治疗微生物感染
牛至精油具有强大的抗菌活性。香芹酚和百里酚（其有效成分）是造成这种效应的原因。它们改变细菌和真菌细胞的渗透性。这导致其细胞内容物的泄漏，导致其死亡（7），（8）。
牛至所采用的另一种机制是释放自由基。您的身体释放这些反应性分子以破坏这些病原体。这种机制主要发生在您的肠道中。但是，这些自由基对您的身体有毒（8）。
由于牛至及其油中含有丰富的抗氧化剂，因此食用它们中的任何一种都会从系统中消除这些毒素（8）。因此，这种香料兼作食品防腐剂和抗菌剂（7），（8）。
3.清除头皮屑和头皮问题
快门
牛至叶是香精油的储存库。在一些研究中，使用牛至叶提取物对头发和头皮具有积极作用。受试者表现出显着减少在头皮屑内7天的治疗（9）的。
牛至油具有抗真菌活性。它们的成分可以杀死属于 青霉 和 镰刀菌属的 真菌。您可以使用牛至叶制成便宜的去屑洗发水或油（9）。
其中的香芹酚和百里香酚是造成这种性质的原因。在这些制剂中加入椰子油，樟脑，芙蓉叶/花朵和牛至叶，以防止微生物头皮感染并保持头发健康（9）。
4.有效的抗氧化剂
牛至具有酚类化合物和维生素，可抑制自由基的形成和积累。这种香料的水基提取物可消除高达70％的超氧化物（有害）离子（10），（11）。
They also chemically trap (chelate) metal ions, like iron. An excess of these metal ions has deleterious effects on your metabolism.
Chemical analyses revealed the presence of vitamin E (tocopherol derivatives) in oregano leaves. These active molecules inhibit lipid peroxidation. This may stop inflammation in the vital organs, ultimately protecting you from obesity, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and Alzheimers’s disease (11), (12).
5. May Treat Skin Diseases
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The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property of oregano aids in wound healing. Some studies claim that this spice can treat psoriasis, eczema, rashes, and several skin conditions. However, there is insufficient evidence to prove this application (9).
Oregano oil is known for its antiseptic properties. Topical use of creams, ointments, and lotions containing this oil may relieve skin infection and inflammation (13).
It can also repair and remodel damaged tissues. With further research and trials, oregano extracts could be used in skin care products for children and adults (5).
6. Treats Flu And Viral Diseases
The carvacrol in oregano extracts demonstrates antiviral properties. Clinical studies report that this active molecule directly targets the RNA (genetic material) of certain viruses. This impairs their process of infecting a human host cell (14).
One of the most common and frequent viral infections we experience is the common cold. Ingesting oregano during a flu bout can reduce the severity of cough, sore throat, and fever. Having freshly brewed, hot oregano tea works the best in this case (15), (16).
Mexican oregano oil could inhibit other human viruses like HIV and Rotavirus. Further research is needed to establish its antiviral effects on herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis viruses, and human respiratory viruses (17).
Did You Know?
The word ‘oregano’ in Greek means ‘joy of the mountain.’
Greeks believed that cows that grazed in oregano fields produce tastier meat.
The active molecules in oregano leaves – like carvacrol and thymol – are responsible for these benefits. But, it is not just these two compounds. This spice has a rich nutritional profile containing polyphenols and micronutrients.
Scroll down to know more about its full nutritional profile.
Phytonutritional Profile Of Oregano
| OREGANO (Dried leaves) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nutrient | Unit | 1 tsp, leaves = 1.0g |
| Proximates | ||
| Water | g | 0.1 |
| Energy | kcal | 3 |
| Energy | kJ | 11 |
| Protein | g | 0.09 |
| Total lipid (fat) | g | 0.04 |
| Ash | g | 0.08 |
| Carbohydrate, by difference | g | 0.69 |
| Fiber, total dietary | g | 0.4 |
| Sugars, total | g | 0.04 |
| Sucrose | g | 0.01 |
| Glucose (dextrose) | g | 0.02 |
| Fructose | g | 0.01 |
| Minerals | ||
| Calcium, Ca | mg | 16 |
| Iron, Fe | mg | 0.37 |
| Magnesium, Mg | mg | 3 |
| Phosphorus, P | mg | 1 |
| Potassium, K | mg | 13 |
| Sodium, Na | mg | 0 |
| Zinc, Zn | mg | 0.03 |
| Copper, Cu | mg | 0.006 |
| Manganese, Mn | mg | 0.05 |
| Vitamins | ||
| Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid | mg | 0 |
| Thiamin | mg | 0.002 |
| Riboflavin | mg | 0.005 |
| Niacin | mg | 0.046 |
| Pantothenic acid | mg | 0.009 |
| Vitamin B-6 | mg | 0.01 |
| Folate, total | µg | 2 |
| Folate, food | µg | 2 |
| Folate, DFE | µg | 2 |
| Choline, total | mg | 0.3 |
| Betaine | mg | 0.1 |
| Vitamin A, RAE | µg | 1 |
| Carotene, beta | µg | 10 |
| Vitamin A, IU | IU | 17 |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin | µg | 19 |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | mg | 0.18 |
| Tocopherol, gamma | mg | 0.24 |
| Tocopherol, delta | mg | 0.01 |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | µg | 6.2 |
Different varieties of oregano have different concentrations of phenolic compounds. The commonly found classes are phenolic acids, esters and its glycosides, flavonoids, and steroids (18).
Phenolic acids include rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and lithospermic acid (18).
Terpenoids/terpenes like sabinene, 1,8-cineole, cymene, cadinene, ocimene, caryophyllene, germacrene D, limonene, bisabolene, linalool, spathulenol, carvacrol, and thymol were also identified in oregano (18) (19).
Flavonoids – including apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, diosmetin, quercetin, eriodictyol, cosmocide, and vicenin-2 – are also abundant in these leaves (18).
Since it has such a potent and loaded biochemical profile, oregano has been classified as a spice. No wonder it is integral to so many global and local cuisines!
Don’t you also want to know how to use it in cooking? Read the next section to find out how!
How To Use Oregano in Cooking
Fresh oregano can be used towards the end – like a cilantro garnish. Dried leaves should be added in the beginning so that the heat releases all its flavors.
You can use fresh/dried oregano in the following ways:
- Sprinkle it as a topping on pizzas, salads, soups, and
- Use it to flavor omelets, frittatas, and sautéed vegetables (stir-fry).
- Marinate meat and chicken with fresh, chopped oregano and other spices.
- Add it as a finishing touch to home-made garlic bread.
- Put a few sprigs of fresh oregano in a container with olive oil. Oregano-olive oil infusion is ready! You can cook, dress salads, and also apply it as a topical antiseptic/moisturizing agent.
- Vinaigrettes with oregano add great depth to Italian dishes.
Here’s a quick and delicious recipe using oregano. Why don’t you give it a shot right away?
Sizzling Barbeque Chicken – Italian style
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What You Need
- Lemon juice: 1 cup
- Vegetable/olive oil: ¼-½ cup
- Vinegar: ¼ cup
- Dried oregano: 1 tablespoon
- Garlic powder: 2 teaspoons
- Whole chicken: 1, cut into pieces
- Salt: to taste
- Pepper: to taste
- Mixing bowl: large sized
- Outdoor grill or similar grilling equipment
Let’s Make It!
- To a large mixing bowl, add lemon juice, vegetable oil, vinegar, oregano, and garlic powder. Mix the contents well. (If you manage to get fresh oregano leaves, finely chop them before adding.)
- Add the chicken pieces to the mixture.
- Season with salt and pepper.
- Toss the pieces in the marinade thoroughly to coat evenly.
- Cover and marinate in the refrigerator for at least 1 hour.(Overnight marination will give best results)
- Preheat an outdoor grill on high heat/temperature. Grease the grill grates lightly.
- When the grill is prepared, carefully place the marinated chicken pieces on the grates.
- Brush the chicken periodically with the remaining marinade while cooking.
- Cook the chicken until no longer pink and juices run clear.
- Transfer the cooked pieces to a serving dish.
- Enjoy this Italian style barbeque chicken with rice or by itself with dips of your choice.
Ta-da!
Just reading this made my stomach growl with hunger! This recipe will leave you craving more – thanks to the zest and punch that oregano packs.
As it adds a blast of flavor to your food, it is best to stock some oregano in your pantry.
Before heading out to buy some, read the next section. The tips may come in handy.
How To Pick And Store The Best Oregano
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- Choose fresh oregano over the dried form. It has a deeper flavor.
- The leaves of fresh oregano should look bright and vibrant green. The stems should be firm.
- Discard the ones with dark spots or yellowing.
- When purchasing dried oregano, try to pick the one labeled ‘organically’ These products are free from irradiation, pesticide, etc.
- To store fresh oregano, wrap the bunch in a damp paper towel and place it in the refrigerator.
- You can also freeze the leaves – whole or chopped – in airtight
- Another interesting way to freeze oregano is in ice cube trays. Place fresh oregano leaves in each of the cubes. Fill them with either water or stock and freeze. Use these frozen oregano cubes when preparing soups or stews.
- Store dried oregano in a tightly sealed glass container in a cool, dark, dry place. It keeps for about 6months when stored this way.
How To Dry Fresh Oregano Leaves
- Pull off the tiny leaves from fresh oregano stalks and air-dry them separately.
- Or, dry the entire stem, then crumble off the crisp leaves. You will need to hang bundles of these stems and leave them to dry for about two weeks. Loosely wrap a paper bag around these bundles to collect the leaves as they fall.
- For those looking to quick-dry oregano, use a microwave oven or a food dehydrator. Flip the stems/leaves periodically to expose both their sides to air and heat.
- Dried stalk remnants can go into the brick oven, grill, or smoker. Meat cooked on them will catch the mild herbaceous scent from these stalks.
With its excellent shelf life and storage options, oregano is here to stay!
But, is it healthy to eat oregano frequently? Is there an intake limit and are there any side effects linked to this herb? Scroll down to find out.
How Much Oregano Is Safe To Eat? Are There Any Side Effects Of Eating Oregano?
Oregano and its oil are likely safe when taken orally in food.
When taken by itself in medicinal amounts as a supplement, it is possibly safe. But the evidence is insufficient to prove its effectiveness (20).
However, oregano is a potent emmenagogue. It stimulates menstruation and uterine contractions (abortifacient). Hence, pregnant women and new mothers should avoid consuming it in high amounts (20).
An overdose of this herb may cause stomach ache and digestive issues. Also, applying concentrated or oxidized oregano based oils or creams may induce irritation. Though these side effects have not been proven yet, it is better to be safe than sorry (21).
In Summary
Oregano is a staple herb in the Mediterranean diet. Its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities enhance its value as a food additive and therapeutic agent. Traditional and modern alternative medicine use oregano to treat flu, cough, fever, and menstrual cramps.
但是在使用牛至或其提取物之前，请咨询您的医疗保健提供者以了解其对您的身体的安全性和剂量。在获得医学同意的情况下，您也可以摄取并应用这种草药以获取健康的皮肤和头发。
在下一次之前，可以使用OG香料烹饪！
21个来源
Stylecraze有严格的采购准则，并依赖经过同行评审的研究，学术研究机构和医学协会。我们避免使用三级引用。您可以阅读我们的编辑政策，进一步了解我们如何确保内容的准确性和最新性。- Oregano (Origanum vulgare) extract for food preservation and improvement in gastrointestinal health, Author manuscript, HHS Public Access, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6508890/
- OREGANO, NewCROP, Center for New Crops & Plant Products, Purdue University
www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/med-aro/factsheets/OREGANO.html
- OREGANO, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, The University of Arizona
cals.arizona.edu/fps/sites/cals.arizona.edu.fps/files/cotw/Oregano.pdf
- Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids from Oregano: Occurrence, Biological Activity and Health Benefits, Plants, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5874591/
- Anti-inflammatory, tissue remodeling, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil in a human skin disease model, Elsevier Biochimie Open, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5801825/
- Oregano: a Wonder Herb, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, US National Library of Medicine
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.637.9988&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of cultivated oregano (Origanum vulgare), sage (Salvia officinalis), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella oxytoca , and Klebsiella pneumoniae , Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4400296/
- Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of oregano essential oil, Iowa State University, digital Repository, Iowa State University
lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1490&context=safepork
- EXTRACTED OIL FROM OREGANO (OREGANUM VULGARE) AS MAIN COMPONENT FOR ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO, Academia
www.academia.edu/34838356/EXTRACTED_OIL_FROM_OREGANO_OREGANUM_VULGARE_AS_MAIN_COMPONENT_FOR_ANTI-DANDRUFF_SHAMPOO
- ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE) LEAF EXTRACTS, Journal of Food Biochemistry, Food & Nutrition Press, Inc., Academia
www.academia.edu/7797910/ANTIOXIDANT_PROPERTIES_OF_OREGANO_ORIGANUM_VULGARE_LEAF_EXTRACTS
- Nutrient antioxidants in oregano. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8933203
- Oregano Essential Oil as an Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Additive in Food Products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763467
- Oregano, A Grower’s Guide, K-State Research and Extension, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service
www.bookstore.ksre.ksu.edu/pubs/mf2621.pdf
- Antiviral efficacy and mechanisms of action of oregano essential oil and its primary component carvacrol against murine norovirus. Journal of Applied Microbiology, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24779581
- Complementary Treatment of the Common Cold and Flu with Medicinal Plants – Results from Two Samples of Pharmacy Customers in Estonia, PLoS One, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590151/
- OREGANO (ORIGANUM VULGARE), Heritage Garden, University of Illinois at Chicago
heritagegarden.uic.edu/oregano-origanum-vulgare
- Antiviral activity of the Lippia graveolens (Mexican oregano) essential oil and its main compound carvacrol against human and animal viruses, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3768712/
- Chemical constituents and biological studies of Origanum vulgare Pharmacognosy Research, US National Library of Research
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3129025/
- Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Three Chemotypes of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart Growing Wild in Campania (Southern Italy), Molecules, CiteSeerX, The Pennsylvania State University
citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.360.9664&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Herbs, Pediatric Pulmonary Division, UFHealth, University of Florida
pulmonary.pediatrics.med.ufl.edu/files/2013/08/Herbs.pdf
- Essential Oils of Oregano: Biological Activity beyond Their Antimicrobial Properties, Molecules, US National Library of Medicine
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6152729/