刺番荔枝叶：好处，营养和副作用

刺番荔枝是巴西开花的树。众所周知，它的果实和叶子具有强大的功效。某些主张还指出，叶子比化学疗法要强10,000倍（1）。

叶子具有强大的营养成分。但是，这些要求的真实性如何？在这篇文章中，我们将看到有关刺叶和整个植物的研究告诉我们什么。

什么是刺五加叶子？

Soursop（Annona muricata），也称为Graviola或巴西爪子，是一棵开花的常绿树。它原产于中美洲，墨西哥，古巴和印度部分地区。现在，它已从中国东南部广泛分布到澳大利亚以及东部和西部非洲。

传统医学使用刺五加叶治疗多种疾病和疾病。该植物主要用于治疗炎症，风湿病，高血压，糖尿病，寄生虫感染和其他类似情况（2）。

刺果可食用，具有良好的治疗价值。它作为抗关节炎药很受欢迎。其提取物可抵抗寄生虫和蠕虫感染。叶子可以治疗低血糖症和炎症，还具有解痉作用（2）。

这些特性可以归因于植物的代谢产物。在这个神奇的植物中已经鉴定出了皂苷，生物碱，香豆素，萜类化合物，丹宁酸和其他几种活性植物化学物质。

在下一节中，我们将研究刺五加叶对健康的潜在好处。

刺番荔枝叶有哪些健康益处？

刺五加植物的叶子是众所周知的抗炎剂。它们还具有解热，抗微生物，抗糖尿病，心脏保护和抗寄生虫的特性。刺五加提取物可以对您体内的重要系统产生积极影响。

1.可以帮助癌症治疗

研究表明刺五加植物提取物具有抗增殖和细胞毒性的作用，可以抵抗乳腺癌，结肠癌，前列腺癌，肺癌，血液癌，肝癌，子宫颈癌，卵巢癌，口腔癌和皮肤癌（3）。

可能有益的活性生物成分被称为非乙酰丙酮原蛋白（AGEs）。这些AGE与刺参的抗癌特性有关。它们通过抑制线粒体复合体I（一种癌细胞蛋白）来杀死癌细胞（2）。

然而，需要更严格的研究来确认刺五加及其叶的安全性和有效性（3）。

2.可能控制炎症

研究发现刺五加叶中有超过117种具有抗炎特性的化合物。为了了解叶片的抗炎作用，还需要进行更多的研究（4）。

在大鼠研究中，刺五加的叶提取物显示出抗炎，抗氧化和伤口愈合的特性（5）。

叶子的汤因其抗风湿和神经痛作用而局部使用。它还可以减少/治愈脓肿和伤口。叶提取物可以缓解炎性疾病，如膀胱炎，风湿病，关节炎疼痛，发烧，腹泻，痢疾，疟疾，寄生虫和皮疹（4）。

刺番荔枝叶提取物抑制炎症介质，如IL-6，TNF-α，IL-1β和一氧化氮（NO）。100 mg / kg的这种提取物在大鼠中被证明具有抗伤害感受性（阻断疼痛）（4）。

在大鼠研究中，叶子还可以治愈溃疡，病变，开放性伤口和水肿，几乎没有毒性（4）。

3.可能有助于治疗失眠

传统上，刺五加叶已用于治疗失眠（6）。叶子具有平滑的肌肉松弛活性，并起镇静剂的作用。喝一杯刺五加叶茶也可能有助于缓解压力（7）。

4.可能有助于调节糖尿病症状

每天向大鼠施用100 mg / kg刺五加水提取物表现出较强的血糖控制能力。植物的叶子可能有助于改善葡萄糖代谢（8）。

在大鼠中进行长期酸化治疗（28天）可降低血糖水平和血清肌酐水平。它还平衡了肝酶（AST，ALT等）的活性。总胆固醇和甘油三酸酯的水平也得以恢复（8）。

5.可能具有抗病毒特性

刺五加提取物表现出针对选择性病毒的抗病毒特性。该植物干扰宿主细胞中HIV-1的复制。同样，这些提取物可防止病毒附着在宿主细胞上。据指出，刺五加的树皮和茎提取物可对抗单纯疱疹病毒（HSX）（7）。

尽管没有直接的研究表明叶具有相似的作用，但是上述研究的结果也可以推断到叶上。

刺五加植物的杀病毒作用可归因于其多酚（7）。

6.可能保护口腔健康

发现刺五加叶具有杀菌和杀真菌作用。他们抑制变形链球菌，链球菌性炎症，牙龈卟啉单胞菌和白色念珠菌的生长（1）。

研究表明，刺五加叶提取物可在一定程度上抵抗口腔微生物。提取物具有抗微生物和杀真菌特性（1）。

发现这些菌株可引起牙周炎，牙龈炎和其他口腔疾病。实验室实验报告了叶片的抗菌作用。它们对真菌白色念珠菌最有效。这些结果表明了刺五加叶在治疗口腔疾病中的功效（1）。

刺番荔枝叶具有强大的植物化学特征。在下一节中，我们将进一步研究造成其益处的营养素。

西番莲叶的植物化学组成

刺番荔枝植物含有几种植物化学物质，包括生物碱，酚类和萜类化合物。然而，刺五加的一些种类是非乙酰乙酸原素化合物（AGEs）的丰富来源。AGEs被认为对它们的抗微生物，抗原生动物，抗病毒和驱虫特性至关重要（6）。

Annomuricin, annomutacin, annohexocin, muricapentocin, anonaine, isolaureline, xylopine, gallic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, kaempferol, annonamine, norcorydine, vomifoliol were identified in these leaves (6).

They also contain rutin, blumenol, solamin, epomuricenin, reticuline, coreximine, coclaurine, stepharine, atherosperminine, and anomuricine. The seeds, fruits, roots, and other aerial parts contain these (and a few other) phytochemicals in varying proportions (6).

Soursop leaf oils also contain sesquiterpenes. The most abundant compound is β-caryophyllene. These volatile oils have β-pinene, germacrene-D, α-pinene, β–elemene, δ-cadinene, epi-α-cadinol, and α-cadinol (6).

A cognitive effect of all these phytochemicals results in the benefits discussed above. Here’s how you can use these leaves to reap their benefits.

How To Use Soursop Leaves

The best way to use these leaves is to brew tea with them. This is because there is no information on how safe it is to ingest raw soursop leaves.

Does that mean you have to brew its tea only in a certain way? Well, not really. You can brew it in two ways:

1. Regular Brew For Flavor

Add 1 to 2 tablespoons of your favorite soursop tea blend to a teapot. You can find a good one here.
Add boiling water and let it steep for 5-10 minutes.
Strain the leaves.
Serve hot/warm or cold.

Use 2-3 soursop leaves for one to two cups of tea. You can buy the leaves here.
Set a pot of boiling water ready.
Add these leaves to water and let them simmer for at least 10 minutes.
Strain the leaves before serving.

2. Prolonged Brew For Health

Set up a boiling pot with 1 liter of cold water.
Add the whole soursop leaves or the soursop blend.
Bring the water to a boil.
Boil it uncovered until the water has been reduced by half.
Turn off the heat, and let the tea steep for about 20 minutes.
Drink it hot/warm/at room temperature.

To make it taste better, add about half a teaspoon of lime juice, 2-3 mint leaves, and some honey (if you want it sweet).

There is some evidence that soursop leaves may cause adverse effects.

What Are The Side Effects Of Soursop Leaves?

May Cause Neuron Dysfunction

Soursop and its leaves contain alkaloids. Studies show these may cause neuron dysfunction and degeneration in those with Parkinson’s syndrome (9), (10).

May Lower Blood Pressure Way Too Much

The plant and its leaves may also lower blood pressure way too much (11). Hence, individuals on blood pressure-lowering medications must exercise caution.

There is no set dose for soursop leaves/tea yet. Neither are there any reports of toxicity. Animal studies showed no signs of toxicity – even at doses as high as 2 g/kg (12).

However, we suggest you talk to your healthcare provider about the dosage.

Conclusion

Most of the studies done are on animals, and more human studies are needed to establish positive results. Also, there is no evidence of a patented preparation of this extract. Hence, consult a healthcare professional before consuming soursop leaves (in the form of tea).

There is no recommendation for eating raw soursop leaves. The best way to ingest them is as a tea. You may steep the leaves in boiling water for a few minutes, drain the tea, and consume it.

12 sources

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西番莲叶提取物（Annona muricata）对口腔病原体的抗微生物作用：一项体外研究，《临床与诊断研究》，美国国家医学图书馆，美国国立卫生研究院。

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5198446/
栗色Annona对抗癌症的潜在益处：综述，《马来西亚医学科学》，美国国家医学图书馆，美国国立卫生研究院。

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5862046/
Anticancer Properties of Graviola (Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6091294/
Exploring the Leaves of Annona muricata L. as a Source of Potential Anti-inflammatory and Anticancer Agents, Frontiers in Pharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6019487/
Annona muricata leaves accelerate wound healing in rats via involvement of Hsp70 and antioxidant defence, International Journal of Surgery, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4519917/
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Antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata (Annonaceae), aqueous extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24076471
Toxicity of Annonaceae for dopaminergic neurons: potential role in atypical parkinsonism in Guadeloupe, Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11835443
Is atypical parkinsonism in the Caribbean caused by the consumption of Annonacae?, Journal of Neural Transmission, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17017523
Possible mechanisms of action of the hypotensive effect of Annona muricata (soursop) in normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats, Pharmaceutical Biology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22950673
Gastroprotective activity of Annona muricata leaves against ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats via Hsp70/Bax involvement, Drug Design, Development, and Therapy, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25378912